? :

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {
    bool isPositive = true;
    int factor = 0;
    // some operations may change isPositive's value
    if (isPositive)
        factor = 1;
    else
        factor = -1;
    // the if-else statement can be replaced by a ternary conditional operation
    factor = isPositive ? 1 : -1;

    // sometimes the following code can be more efficient.
    factor = isPositive * 2 - 1;

    return 0;
}